India's sanitation spot: Moving towards non-water based solutions in the future requires careful planning

The Habitat Agenda, adopted by consensus of 171 States at the Second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, declares that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including adequate food, clothing, housing, water and sanitation. And the irony surrounding this issue is perhaps never more evident than it is in India. We have a mobile phone penetration rate of 74% but more than half the households don’t have basic sanitation and toilet facilities. Besides being a professor of International and Environmental law, Philippe Cullet is the Convenor of the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), a non-profit research organisation that seeks to establish frameworks that foster sustainable conservation and use of natural resources in an equitable international context. In a conversation with The Alternative, he sheds light on the sanitation situation in India
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Philippe Cullet
Philippe Cullet

Philippe Cullet

How do we understand sanitation today? And where has progress been?

In the last 60 years, the focus has been supplying water. What has been at the core of how we’ve looked at sanitation?

Cost recovery is contradictory to what one would expect when talking about a fundamental right to water. Pic courtesy: Gram Vikas
Cost recovery is contradictory to what one would expect when talking about a fundamental right to water. Pic courtesy: Gram Vikas

Cost recovery is contradictory to what one would expect when talking about a fundamental right to water. Pic courtesy: Gram Vikas

In dealing with water supply issues, there has been a distinct shift to treating water as an economic asset. What impact does this have?

Do you believe that the objective of eliminating manual scavenging is being compromised in the quest for sanitation for all?

Converting dry latrines to water-borne latrines emerges as the dominant method of eliminating the practice of manual scavenging. Yet manual scavenging is still on. Why?

‘There is the issue of dignity for manual scavengers as well, but that is the same with other loopholes in sanitation (like women and access to toilets).’Pic courtesy: Praveen (photoyogi) through CC,
‘There is the issue of dignity for manual scavengers as well, but that is the same with other loopholes in sanitation (like women and access to toilets).’Pic courtesy: Praveen (photoyogi) through CC,

‘There is the issue of dignity for manual scavengers as well, but that is the same with other loopholes in sanitation (like women and access to toilets).’Pic courtesy: Praveen (photoyogi) through CC

Are we in the danger of viewing scavenging purely as an issue of sanitation, divorced from the right of scavengers to dignity?

According to the recent Millenium Development Goals (MDG) report released, India has performed worst in the world in terms of improving access to basic sanitation. 49.2% of Indian households lack toilets of any kind, with a high bias towards urban areas. In the light of this report, what do you think of the recent governmental thrust towards sanitation in rural areas?

P.S: The above posted content is copyrighted by The Alternative and is being republished on India Water Portal based on the copyright owner's permission.

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