Water Disinfection

This document  by the Central Pollution and Control Board (CPCB) describes the findings of a study that evaluated water treatment plants located across the country, for prevailing raw water quality, water treatment technologies, operational practices, chemical consumption and rejects management.

The report is subdivided into the following chapters:Read More

• Introduction
• Water quality and its consumption
• Water treatment technologies
• Effects of fluoride and arsenic and removal techniques
• Operation and maintainance of water treatment plants
• Water quality control and assessment
• Results and discussion
  

Delivery of safe drinking water is vital for protecting public health and of promoting more secure livelihoods.Read More

The traditional approach to water quality and safety management has relied on the testing of drinking water, as it leaves the treatment works or at selected points, either within the distribution system or at consumer taps. It is referred to as ‘end‐product testing’.

This manual has been developed by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), a department under the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) and  serves as a standard guide in public health engineering by providing a code of day to day practice for public health engineers to follow.Read More

The study by Carewater INREM Foundation explores the rise of Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants since 1970s as a cottage industry for providing fluoride free water supply in North Gujarat. The emergence of markets for Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants can be attributed to the Government’s failure in supplying large-scale safe water to the public through its large RO and de-fluoridation plants.

A detailed study was undertaken of 8-10 plants in 4-5 towns in Mehsana district so as to understand the economics, volumes of business, prices, modes of business and the nature & economic profile of the clientele. The future prospect of the industry is assessed, especially focusing on growth rates through discussions with plant owners, customers and municipal leaders.

The study concludes the following - 

• The market for the mineral/packed water produced by cottage industries has developed very rapidly in North Gujarat between 1996 and 2000.
• The small pouches bring more margins as compared to big-packs of 10 or 20 litres. Producing packed water in pouches requires an additional investment of rupees one lakh in a packaging machine, which the investors find affordable. The packed drinking water in pouches has a large market catering to the people at large.
• As long as the municipality’s supply of groundwater in North Gujarat is high on TDS and has more than recommended amount of fluoride, packaged drinking water has a good market.
• There is good growth of this cottage RO industry as the market is very wide. Even if the ISI certification is made mandatory, there are a good number of investors keen on investing in it.

Download the report here: