Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

A detailed survey of the river Hindon was carried out to understand the nature of waste effluents and their impact on water quality.  As per the study, the river water is subject to varying degrees of pollution, caused by numerous untreated waste outfalls of municipal and industrial effluents.

The main sources, which create pollution in the river, include municipal wastes of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad districts received through tributaries as well as direct outfalls. In the non-monsoon months, the river is completely dry, right from its origin upto Saharanpur town. The effluents of Nagdev nala and Star Paper Mill at Saharanpur generate the flow of water in the river.Read More

This paper describes the study conducted by People's Science Institute that aimed at determining the threshold level of toxicity of a paper mill effluent, and the level of toxicity that it created in the in the receiving water body and at identifying the  physico chemical parameters of the effluent that may be causing the observed toxicity. The study was conducted in Star Paper Mill in Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh, which is one of the oldest and the largest paper mills in the country.Read More

An interesting presentation explaining the main parameters of water quality from surface sources.Read More

Wastewater recycling in industries, communities and from rivers
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