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Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Wetlands for water quality management– The science and technology: A paper from Current Issues in Water Management

This paper examines the use of constructed wetlands for water purification.

The introduction begins witha brief overview of wetlands: their nature and services offered. These wetlands are ecoststems with water that is static or flowing and characerized by emergent , floating and submerged aquatic vegetation. Some of the services provided by wetlands are fish and fiber, water supply, water purification, flood regulation, recreational opportunities and tourism. It then details the importance of wetlands for water purification.Toxins enter the wetlands through farms, factories and runoff. These toxins are broken down or otherwise buried using a variety of bacteria. 

Location map of Keoladeo National park

Location map of Keoladeo National Park

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Status of water quality in India – Reports by the Central Pollution Control Board for 2007, 2008 and 2009

This post presents reports on  the status of water quality in India  by the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests  for the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. These reports present the outputs of water quality monitoring done under the project on Monitoring of Indian Aquatic Resources (MINARS). This helps in evaluating the nature and extent of pollution control required, and effectiveness of pollution control measures already in existence. It also helps in drawing the water quality trends and prioritising pollution control efforts.
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Status of water quality in India – A report by the Central Pollution Control Board (2007)5.92 MB
Status of water quality in India – A report by the Central Pollution Control Board (2008)70.78 MB
Status of water quality in India – A report by the Central Pollution Control Board (2009)28.76 MB

Location

New Delhi, DL, India
Latitude: 28.635308, Longitude: 77.224960

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Ganga water quality trend - A report by Central Pollution Control Board (2009)

Water quality of the Ganga as it passes through various states is presented in this document. The data has been collected over a period of many years from 39 water quality monitoring stations along the main river and 102 stations on its tributaries which were setup in 2008/09.

The study focuses on the parameters for dissolved oxygen, (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and faecal coliforms (FC) as these indicate the biological health of the river. The period of study for the river Ganga is 1999-2008. The study finds that most of the water quality parameters studied do not meet the standards.Read More

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Ganga water quality trend - A report by Central Pollution Control Board (2009)5.19 MB

Location

Kolkatta, WB, India
Latitude: 22.000000, Longitude: 88.000000

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Water quality status of historical Gundolav lake - Kishangarh - South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage

Gundolav Lake RajasthanThis paper published in the South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage describes the water quality status of Gundolav Lake in Rajasthan, which was once used for drinking water as well as for recreational activities under the tutelage of the princely state of Kishangarh. This has now become a site of wastewater disposal and facing a critical threat for its sustenance. Read More

Recent years have led to an increasing awareness of the importance of water bodies and  the need for conservation of water bodies, especially freshwater wetlands. The Ramsar Convention (2002) identifies wetlands as the starting point for integrated water management strategies. This is because they are the source of fresh water, maintain the health of the water course and water bodies, have the capacity to supply water to meet the human needs and are a key to future water security.

Location

Kishangarh, RJ, India
Latitude: 26.572754, Longitude: 74.866848

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Identification of sampling sites for water quality monitoring in Narmada basin – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report attempts to identify sampling sites for water quality monitoring in Narmada basin. The assessment of water quality conditions over a wide area with respect to time and space requires the monitoring of activities to be carried out in a network. The location of a permanent sampling station is probably the most critical factor in a monitoring network which collects water quality data. If the samples collected are not representative of the water mass, the frequency of sampling as well as the mode of data interpretation and presentation becomes inconsequential.Read More

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Identification of sampling sites for water quality monitoring in Narmada basin by NIH (1996-971.09 MB

Location

Hoshangabad, MP, India
Latitude: 22.746128, Longitude: 77.719356

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Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution and Control - NPTEL Mining Engineering Course

Fundamentals of Environmental Pollution and Control is a course offered by NPTEL under Mining Engineering, and is structured into 28 video lectures along the following topics:Read More

  • State of the Environment
  • Environmental Movement
  • Definitions of Environmental Terms
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Hydrochemical studies of Hindon river - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

A detailed survey of the river Hindon was carried out to understand the nature of waste effluents and their impact on water quality.  As per the study, the river water is subject to varying degrees of pollution, caused by numerous untreated waste outfalls of municipal and industrial effluents.

The main sources, which create pollution in the river, include municipal wastes of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad districts received through tributaries as well as direct outfalls. In the non-monsoon months, the river is completely dry, right from its origin upto Saharanpur town. The effluents of Nagdev nala and Star Paper Mill at Saharanpur generate the flow of water in the river.Read More

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Hydrochemical studies of Hindon river by NIH (1998-99)888.8 KB

Location

Ghaziabad, UP, India
Latitude: 28.661968, Longitude: 77.426482

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Statistical analysis of water quality data of river Yamuna: A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study models the variations in water quality parameters of Yamuna river by means of stochastic approach using Central Water Commission’s monthly data for the period 1990-95 and makes projections for the year 1996. The results obtained for different water quality variables have been compared with the observed values and were found to be satisfactory. Read More

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Statistical analysis of water quality data of river Yamuna by NIH (2000-01)1.49 MB
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Water quality status of rivers Tungabhadra, Cauvery and Kabini - KSPCB (2007)

These two documents from the KSPCB website, provide monthly water quality status data, for the rivers Tungabhadra, Cauvery and Kabini, monitored between January to June 2007, at various points along the rivers.Read More

The data recorded are Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Faecal Coliform.

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WQ Status - Cauvery Kabini - KSPCB (Jan-Jul_2007)416.03 KB
WQ Status - Tungabhadra - KSPCB (Jan-Jul_2007)288.25 KB
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Sewage canal: How to clean the Yamuna - A presentation by the Centre for Science and Environment (2007)

This presentation provides an introduction to the book by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) titled Sewage Canal: How to Clean the Yamuna”. As per the presentation, several crore rupees have been sunk into plans to clean up the Yamuna. A stretch of around 22 km in Delhi contributes 70 per cent of the total pollution load of the river. The authorities have been busy chasing targets to fulfill these plans. But the river remains dirty. This book analyses the strategies adopted to clean up the Yamuna, one of India's holiest and dirtiest rivers.Read More

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Sewage canal: How to clean the Yamuna - A presentation by the Centre for Science and Environment (2007)6.78 MB

Location

Delhi, DL, India
Latitude: 28.635308, Longitude: 77.224960

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6.22-2011.07.01-06