Hardness

Groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city - Department of Mines and Geology (2011)

This report by the Department of Mines and Geology describes the findings of a study on urban groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city. Earlier studies carried out by the Department of Mines and Geology during 1994, 1995 and 2003 on the groundwater quality of Bangalore Metropolis had found that the groundwater pollution in the city has mainly been due to sewage disposal and recommendations have been made to prevent pollution from sewage and industrial wastes. The supply of the required quantity of water to the population continues to remain a big challenge to the concerned authorities in Bangalore.Read More

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Groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city - DMG - GoK (2011)	77.51 MB

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Content Type: Case Studies, Research
Category: Borewells, Climate, Drinking Water, Ecology, Fluoride, Groundwater Pollution, Groundwater Recharge, Hardness, Hydrology, Lakes, Rainfall, Water Quality
Author: Department of Mines and Geology (Government of Karnataka)
Location / Time: Bangalore, India, 2011
Difficulty Level: Intermediate

Chemical characteristics responsible for the higher concentration of fluoride in groundwater - A paper in Springer Science

This paper by N Subba Rao in Springer Science deals with the problem of high fluoride groundwater. Fluoride is essential for normal bone growth, but its higher concentration in drinking water poses great health problems and fluorosis is common in many parts of India.

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Chemical characteristics responsible for the higher concentration of fluoride in the groundwater - A paper in Springer Science (2011)	319.76 KB

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Content Type: Research
Category: Alkaline Environment, Alkaline Soils, Alkalinity, Drinking Water, Evapotranspiration, Fluoride, Fluorosis, Fluorosis Zone, Geochemical Conditions, Groundwater, Hardness, Precambrian Terrain, Public Health, Water Quality, pH
Associated People / Organizations: Andhra University
Author: Springer Science, N Subba Rao
Source: N Subba Rao
Location / Time: Andhra Pradesh, India, 2010
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater table and hydrochemistry of Kakinada coastal aquifer– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report deals with groundwater table and hydrochemistry of the Kakinada coastal aquifer in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh.Read More

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Groundwater table and hydrochemistry of Kakinada coastal aquifer of AP by NIH (1996-97)	943.36 KB

Location

Kakinada, AP, India
Latitude: 16.945181, Longitude: 82.238647

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Content Type: Research
Category: Coastal Aquifers, Drainage, Groundwater, Groundwater Flow, Groundwater Level, Groundwater Monitoring, Groundwater Quality, Groundwater Table, Hardness, Hydrochemistry, Nitrate Pollution, Observation Wells, Piper's Classification, Seawater, Shallow Groundwater, Stiff's Classification, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), US Salinity Laboratory Classification
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: Andhra Pradesh, Bay of Bengal, Cheedilapora, East Godavari, Gaderu, Godavari, India, Jagannadhapuram, Kakinada, Upputuru, Yeleru, 1996, 1997
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report presents a hydrochemical study of the groundwater of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh carried out during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Under the study, thirty-five water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the region were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the month of June and November 1996 respectively.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh by NIH (1996-97)	574.69 KB

Location

Sagar, MP, India
Latitude: 22.270000, Longitude: 79.430000

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Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Calcium, Chloride, Climate, Conductance, Contamination, Drinking Water, Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution, Groundwater Quality, Hardness, Magnesium, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Sulphate, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Waste Disposal, Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: India, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, 1996, 1997
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

In this report, the suitability of groundwater of the Doon valley, Dehradun has been demonstrated on the basis of standards prescribed by BIS and WHO. The groundwater quality of the valley has been studied during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. Twelve water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the valley were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for various constituents, viz. pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.Read More

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Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun by NIH (1996-97)	677.4 KB

Location

Dehradoon, UL, India
Latitude: 30.321434, Longitude: 78.031928

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Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Aquifers, Bacteriological Analysis, Calcium, Chloride, Climate, Conductance, Contamination, Geology, Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution, Groundwater Quality, Hardness, Hydrochemical Facies, Irrigation, Magnesium, Phosphate, Piper's Trilinear Classification, Potassium, Shallow Groundwater Aquifer, Sodium, Stiff's Classification, Sulphate, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Waste Disposal, Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: Dehradoon, India, Uttaranchal, 1996, 1997
Difficulty Level: Expert

Water quality studies of Lake Nainital and surroundings – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report provides an account of the findings of water quality studies of Lake Nainital and surroundings. Even though quite a few water quality investigations have been conducted by other researchers, they were more focused on biological aspects and overlooked the hydrological aspects. Further, not all of the earlier studies on Nainital incorporated the groundwater quality aspects, which are essential to establish the background values that can be ascribed to the geology of the region. Only after establishing these, the pollution levels can be assessed.Read More

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Water quality studies of Lake Nainital and surroundings by NIH (1999-2000)	2.36 MB

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Content Type: Research
Category: Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, Eutrophication, Geology, Groundwater, Hardness, Hydrology, Lake Basin, Lake Water, Lakes, Springs, Temperature, Water Bodies, Water Pollution, Water Quality, Wells, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: India, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 1999, 2000
Difficulty Level: Expert

Water quality monitoring and evaluation of Mansar lake - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study attempts water quality monitoring of Mansar lake to detect the various water quality parameters. The lake water conditions were monitored by collecting water samples from different depths to determine the spatial and temporal variations.Read More

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Water quality monitoring and evaluation of Mansar lake in Udhampur by NIH (1997-98)	655.79 KB

Location

Udhampur, JK, India
Latitude: 32.918930, Longitude: 75.131271

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Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Drinking Water, Electrical Conductivity, Eutrophication, Forests, Hardness, Irrigation, Lakes, River Basins, Rivers, Temperature, Water Bodies, Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: India, Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, 1997, 1998
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in and around Greater Guwahati - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

In this study, groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation of Greater Guwahati is presented based on the physico-chemical characteristics of thirty samples collected on grid pattern. The various parameters analyzed include pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, Na⁺, K⁺, CA⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, NO₃^-, SO4^--, Cl^- and F^-. The results were compared with water quality standards prescribed by BIS and WHO.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in and around Greater Guwahati by NIH (1997-98)	2.01 MB

Location

Guwahati, AS, India
Latitude: 26.183333, Longitude: 91.733333

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Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Drinking Water, Electrical Conductivity, Groundwater, Hardness, Kellye's Ratio, Permeability Index, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Stiff's Classification, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: Assam, Greater Guwahati, India, 1997, 1998
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu and Kashmir) – A research report by the National Institute of Hydrology

The study presents detailed investigations of the chemical quality of groundwater in Jammu and Kathua districts (J & K), carried out to evaluate the suitability of water for various uses. The quality of groundwater of the area has been studied based on the physico-chemical analysis of thirty seven water samples collected from open wells between June and December, 1996.

Various parameters like pH, conductance, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium have been determined for all the samples and compared with the standards to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Irrigation water quality has been computed on the basis of Doneen’s Permeability Index and residual Sodium Carbonate. The higher values of some parameters at certain locations indicate the contamination in groundwater and make the water unsuitable for specific applications.Read More

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Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (J&K) by NIH (1996-97)	1.35 MB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Calcium, Chloride, Conductance, Doneen's Permeability Index, Drinking Water, Fluoride, Groundwater, Groundwater Quality, Hardness, Irrigation, Magnesium, Open wells, Piper's Classification, Potassium, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Salinity Zone, Sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sulphate, US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: India, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Kathua, Londi, Madun, 1996, 1997
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu & Kashmir) - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study evaluates groundwater on the basis of widely used graphical methods like Piper, Stiff and US Salinity Laboratory classification. The study concludes that, in general, the groundwater in the area varies from medium salinity to very high salinity, the latter being more common in the irrigated stretches. The irrigators are advised to ensure good land and water management practices in the fields, with particular emphasis on creating favorable leaching and drainage conditions to avoid further development of saline conditions in the area. Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua (J&K) by NIH (1998-99)	920.34 KB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Agriculture, Alkalinity, Drainage, Fluoride, Groundwater, Groundwater Quality Monitoring, Handpumps, Hardness, Irrigation, Land Management, Leaching, Openwells, Piper's Classification, Salinity, Sodium, Springs, Stiff's Classification, US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Water Management, Water Quality, pH
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: India, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Kathua, 1998, 1999
Difficulty Level: Expert

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Hardness

Groundwater hydrology and groundwater quality in and around Bangalore city - Department of Mines and Geology (2011)

Chemical characteristics responsible for the higher concentration of fluoride in groundwater - A paper in Springer Science

Groundwater table and hydrochemistry of Kakinada coastal aquifer– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Water quality studies of Lake Nainital and surroundings – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Water quality monitoring and evaluation of Mansar lake - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in and around Greater Guwahati - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu and Kashmir) – A research report by the National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu & Kashmir) - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

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