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Sulphate

Water quality hot-spots in rivers of India – A report by Central Water Commission

River Water QualityThis report by the Central Water Commission (CWC) attempts to provide the water quality scenario of our rivers and evolve a methodology for identifying hot spots in Indian rivers. The water quality data is based on the average values observed during the last ten years (2001-2011) at 371 monitoring stations of CWC on almost all major, medium and minor rivers in India. In respect of Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand, the Central Pollution Control Board's classification has been considered for evaluating the hot spot in the rivers.

The physical and chemical quality of river water is important in deciding its suitability for drinking purposes. As such the suitability of river water for potable uses with regard to its chemical quality has to be deciphered and defined on the basis of the some vital characteristics of the water. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) vide its document IS: 10500:1991, edition 2.2 (2003‐09) has recommended the quality standards for drinking water and these have been used for finding the suitability of river water. On this basis of classification, the natural river water of India has been categorized as desirable, permissible and unfit for human consumption.

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Water quality hot-spots in rivers of India – A report by Central Water Commission (2011)3.94 MB

Location

Erode, TN, India
Latitude: 11.342235, Longitude: 77.727477

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report presents a hydrochemical study of the groundwater of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh carried out during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Under the study, thirty-five water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the region were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the month of June and November 1996 respectively.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh by NIH (1996-97)574.69 KB

Location

Sagar, MP, India
Latitude: 22.270000, Longitude: 79.430000

Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

In this report, the suitability of groundwater of the Doon valley, Dehradun has been demonstrated on the basis of standards prescribed by BIS and WHO. The groundwater quality of the valley has been studied during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. Twelve water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the valley were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for various constituents, viz. pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.Read More

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Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun by NIH (1996-97)677.4 KB

Location

Dehradoon, UL, India
Latitude: 30.321434, Longitude: 78.031928

Groundwater monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study looks at chemical characteristics of groundwater in Jammu and Kathua on the basis of thirty water samples collected from open wells during July and December, 1997. The water quality has been evaluated for irrigation and drinking purposes. The suitability of water for drinking purposes has been compared with the standard norms i.e., BIS, 1983 and WHO, 1984.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts by NIH (1997-98)1.09 MB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu and Kashmir) – A research report by the National Institute of Hydrology

The study presents detailed investigations of the chemical quality of groundwater in Jammu and Kathua districts (J & K), carried out to evaluate the suitability of water for various uses. The quality of groundwater of the area has been studied based on the physico-chemical analysis of thirty seven water samples collected from open wells between June and December, 1996.

Various parameters like pH, conductance, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium have been determined for all the samples and compared with the standards to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Irrigation water quality has been computed on the basis of Doneen’s Permeability Index and residual Sodium Carbonate. The higher values of some parameters at certain locations indicate the contamination in groundwater and make the water unsuitable for specific applications.Read More

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Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (J&K) by NIH (1996-97)1.35 MB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Surface and groundwater quality studies in Ghataprabha representative basin - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study analyses the surface and groundwater quality of Ghataprabha representative basin during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. It looks at the primary impact of land use and cropping pattern on water quality using physico-chemical analysis, geo-chemical classification of groundwater samples and monitoring of groundwater quality.

Streeter-Phelp’s model is applied to understand the variation of dissolved oxygen along the course of the river from a point source. The study attempts to understand the impact of irrigation return-flow and use of pesticides, fertilizers & manures on surface and groundwater quality. The literature review offered indicates a dearth of studies on the subject for hard rock catchments and puts forward the need to do basin-wide as against area-wide studies.Read More

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Surface and groundwater quality studies in Ghataprabha representative basin by NIH (2000-01)1.49 MB

Location

Belgaum, KA, India
Latitude: 15.850360, Longitude: 74.504669

Indian Standard for Drinking Water as per BIS specifications (IS 10500-1991)

Arghyam has compiled a brief presentation which gives details of the permissible and desirable limits of various parameters in drinking water as per Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standard specifications for potable water (BIS-10500-1991). The BIS drinking water specification (IS 10500:1991) was drawn up in 1983 and its most recent revision dates back to July 2010 (Amendment No. 3). Read More

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Drinking Water Standards IS 10500: 2004 by BIS9.29 MB
Drinking Water Standards - IS 10500:1991 by BIS99.14 KB
Indian Standard for Drinking Water as per BIS specifications (IS 10500-1991) - A presentation by Arghyam159.77 KB
Drinking Water Quality Standards - A short write-up by BIS22.64 KB
Tolerance and classification with respect to various water uses - A report by Central Water Commission (2010)95.93 KB

Groundwater Quality Scenario in Karnataka State - District-wise reports (single file) (2004)

As part of its committment to provide safe drinking water to its rural communities, the Karnataka State Government as part of its World Bank-assisted Jal Nirmal Yojana program, implemented through the Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency, took an initiative to adopt a Geographical Information System (GIS) approach to develop a Spatial Information and Knowledge base on groundwater quality of Karnataka.

As part of this effort, a comprehensive study of the quality of groundwater being supplied in rural areas has been taken up and water quality mapping, building of GIS database and profiles have been generated for 27 districts and 175 taluks. For this the chemical analytical data of water samples collected from bore wells in different villages by the Rural Development and Engineering Department (RDED) have been used. In all about 1,54,491 groundwater samples have been collected and analysed for 14 major parameters covering 33,647 villages out of the total 56,682 villages in the state.

This section contains individual district-wise profile files. Each district profile contains district and taluk level information across various study parameters, followed by representation of the analysis of the data through district level GIS maps.

All the district profiles can be downloaded as one single file below.

We acknowledge the support of S Vishwanath (Rainwater Club Bangalore) and Anand Kumar Naidu (Bangalore) in making this publication available on India Water Portal.

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Groundwater Quality Scenario - 27 Districts of Karnataka - 2004 (compressed into a single file)25.54 MB
31.Water quality data for Karnataka_.xls (Downloadable Data)79.5 KB

Location

Bangalore, KA, India
Latitude: 12.971606, Longitude: 77.594376

Groundwater quality scenario in Karnataka state - Introduction and overview (2004)

These two documents, one an introduction document and the other an overview document prepared for the Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (KRWSSA) provides information and details on the groundwater quality scenario in Karnataka.Read More

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Groundwater quality scenario in Karnataka - Executive Summary and Introduction - KRWSSA (2004)8.98 MB
Groundwater quality scenario in Karnataka state - An Overview - KRWSSA (2004)8.99 MB

Location

Belgaum, KA, India
Latitude: 15.850360, Longitude: 74.504669

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Arghyam

6.22-2011.07.01-06