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Soil endowments, production technologies and missing women in India - A World Bank working paper

This paper published by the World Bank highlights the findings of a study that aimed at exploring the connections between geographical variation in soil texture and rural infant sex ratios in India. The paper argues that the deficit of women relative to men in some societies has emerged as the most extreme indicator of gender-based discrimination. Studies concerned with the demographic gender imbalance have provided evidence on significant effects of economic factors and of cultural disparities in the perception of women’s worth. However, there are very few studies that have tried to explain the geographical differences in population sex ratios.Read More

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Community managed sanitation in Kerala - Tools to promote governance and improve health - A Report by the World Bank Institute

This report by the World Bank Institute describes the Kerala Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project and the efforts made by the Government of India to revolutionise sanitation services in the state of Kerala, with the aim of improving public health. Earlier experience had shown that significant governance problems had hindered water and sanitation reforms in local and national programmes in the state.

Challenges to reform included a lack of accountability and transparency, corruption, which made sanitation and hygiene problems more difficult to solve and accelerated the spread of infectious diseases throughout densely populated Kerala. It was also found that corruption affected all the sections of the population, particularly the poor and the marginalised. Read More

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Community managed sanitation in Kerala - Tools to promote governance and improve health - World Bank Institute (2010)447.9 KB
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Democratisation of water management - The experience of Tamil Nadu with governance reforms

Through these three papers, the authors argue that the solutions to the global water crisis do not lie in investing more and more money into the water sector or in the introduction of better technology. Nor is the introduction of the private sector and the reduction in the role of the government going to help. Rather, the time has come to introduce changes at the basic or the fundamental level in the way in which the water sector functions.

There is an urgent need to bring about reforms in governance by moving towards decentralisation and democratisation, leading to  involvement of people from all the sections of the society, who know and understand that they are responsible for the system and its functioning, as well as by introducing principles of equity and social justice. The papers demonstrate the successful implementation of this approach by describing the experience of Tamil Nadu at democratising water management through introduction of reforms at the level of governance, through involvement of the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD).Read More

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Democratisation of water management - Establishing a paradigm shift in the water sector - The Tamil Nadu experiment with governance reform (2006)98.78 KB
Democratisation of water management as a way to reclaiming public water - TheTamil Nadu experience - V Suresh - Pradip Prabhu (2007)272.41 KB
Solution for the water crisis - Democratisation not privatisation - Promising stories from Tamil Nadu (India) - V Suresh (2007)28.24 KB
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Ajunhi kordech aad (The wells are still dry) - An article in marathi - Anubhav magazine

A large part of the state of Maharashtra continues to face acute scarcity of water due to scanty rainfall, which has had a serious impact on the livelihoods of people who live in these areas. This article "Ajuni Kordech Aad" meaning "The wells are still dry" published in the magazine Anubhav highlights the extreme hardships, lack of employment opportunities, forced migration due to negative impact on agriculture and livestocks, and poverty and deprivation that people living in these areas have to face due to this water scarcity. Read More

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Ajunhi koradech aad -The wells are still dry - Anubhav (2009)13.35 MB
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Groundwater bill - Andhra Pradesh - Third draft (2010)

This document includes the third draft of the Groundwater Bill for Andhra Pradesh and is divided into the following chapters:Read More

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Groundwater Bill - Third draft - Andhra Pradesh (2010)71.32 KB
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Politicians for reform - Proceedings of the State Water Ministers’ workshop on rural water supply policy reforms in India - Cochin (Kerala) - (1999)

This report by the Water and Sanitation Program provides the details of the proceedings of the workshop on rural water supply policy reforms in India held at Cochin, Kerala from December 7th to December 8th, 1999. The workshop was hosted by Government of Kerala and the Water and Sanitation Program, South Asia with the Government of India, The World Bank Institute and the World Bank.Read More

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Equity and inclusion in sanitation and hygiene in South Asia - A regional synthesis paper - WSSCC, UNICEF and WaterAid

This working paper by the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), UNICEF and WaterAid highlights the fact that a staggering 716 million men, women and children defecate in the open every day, in South Asia, contributing to the most appalling concentration of poverty and disease and the poorest standards of hygiene in the world.Read More

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Virological evaluation of domestic water purification devices in India - Inadequate quality and the need for virological standards - Tropical Medicine and International Health

This paper published in the journal Tropical Medicine and International Health describes the findings of the study conducted by the National Institute of Virology, Pune, that aimed at evaluating the performance of domestic water purification units with respect to contaminating enteric viruses.

Consumption of microbiologically contaminated water can lead to a range of bacterial diseases such as amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, leptospirosis, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis, cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, gastroenteritis and viral infections such as hepatitis A, hepatitis E, diarrhoea as well as several enteroviral diseases.Read More

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The challenges of ecological sanitation in coastal south India - A case study of Kovalam town - South Chennai (Tamil Nadu) - A presentation

This presentation by Sekhar Raghavan, Director, Rain Centre, Chennai, India highlights the experiences and the challenges faced by Rain Centre in introducing ecological sanitation in the coastal town of Kovalam near Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India along with Coastal and Rural development Trust (CRDT), a small non profit centre based in Kovalam .

The coastal town of Kovalam was selected as a case because of its peculiar situation with its location in a fast developing  peri-urban area in proximity to Chennai city characterised by good groundwater situation, adequate land and housing facilities, but with a glaring and urgent need and demand for toilets. Read More

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The challenges of ecological sanitation in coastal south India - A case study of Kovalam town - South Chennai (Tamil Nadu) (2011)1.95 MB
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Ashwas process handbook - A planning and execution guide for participatory surveys of household water and sanitation - Arghyam

This handbook published by Arghyam is a compilation of the insights and knowledge gained from conducting the ASHWAS (A Survey of Household Water and Sanitation) study, which included a participatory survey undertaken by Arghyam to ascertain the status of household water and sanitation in rural Karnataka, from a citizen's perspective.

The handbook was created as a result of several organisations expressing their interest in conducting an exercise similar to ASHWAS. The purpose of this handbook is thus to serve as a template for those wishing to carry out a similar effort in the other parts of the country.Read More

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ASHWAS - Process handbook - A planning and execution guide for participatory surveys of household water and sanitation - Arghyam (2011)20.46 MB
Optimised ASHWAS process - Arghyam (2011)314.55 KB
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