Chloride

Water quality hot-spots in rivers of India – A report by Central Water Commission

River Water Quality This report by the Central Water Commission (CWC) attempts to provide the water quality scenario of our rivers and evolve a methodology for identifying hot spots in Indian rivers. The water quality data is based on the average values observed during the last ten years (2001-2011) at 371 monitoring stations of CWC on almost all major, medium and minor rivers in India. In respect of Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand, the Central Pollution Control Board's classification has been considered for evaluating the hot spot in the rivers.

The physical and chemical quality of river water is important in deciding its suitability for drinking purposes. As such the suitability of river water for potable uses with regard to its chemical quality has to be deciphered and defined on the basis of the some vital characteristics of the water. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) vide its document IS: 10500:1991, edition 2.2 (2003‐09) has recommended the quality standards for drinking water and these have been used for finding the suitability of river water. On this basis of classification, the natural river water of India has been categorized as desirable, permissible and unfit for human consumption.

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Attachment	Size
Water quality hot-spots in rivers of India – A report by Central Water Commission (2011)	3.94 MB

Location

Erode, TN, India
Latitude: 11.342235, Longitude: 77.727477

Tags:

Content Type: Data, Research, Maps
Category: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Calcium, Chloride, Electrical Conductance, Fluoride, Magnesium, Nitrate, Potable Water, Sulphate, Total Hardness (TH), Water Quality Monitoring, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Drinking Water, Iron, pH, Rivers, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Water Quality
Author: Central Water Commission (Ministry of Water Resources)
Source: South Asia Network on Dams Rivers and People (SANDRP)
Location / Time: 2011, Agra, Ahmedabad, Akaravathi, Allahabad, Auraiya, Bamni Wardha, Bangalore, Betwa, Bishnur Wardha, Burla, Chandrapur, Chhattisgarh, Cochin, Coimbatore, Darrighat Arpa, Datia, Delhi, Dhadar, Dharmapuri, Dhasan, Elunuthimangalam, Erode, Etawah, Faridabad, Galeta Hindon, Ganga, Garauli, Gujarat, Gummanur, Hamirpur, Haryana, Hassan, India, Jaipur, Kanakapura, kanpur, Karnataka, Kerala, Khatoli, Kheda, Kota, Lucknow, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mathura, Mawi Yamuna, Meerut, Mohana, Muzaffarnagar, Nagpur, Noyyal, Palakkad, Parwati, Pingalwada, Ponniyar, Pudur Kannadipuza, Rajasthan, Sabarmati, Sahijana, Seondha, Shahzadpur, Sindh, Surat, Tamil Nadu, T Bekuppe, Thimmanahalli Yagachi, Uttar Pradesh, Vadodara, Varanasi, Vautha, Yamuna
Difficulty Level: Intermediate

Water quality and wastewater management vision - A presentation - Central Pollution Control Board (2012 -2017)

This presentation by the Central Pollution and Control Board (CPCB) provides information on the water quality and waste water management vision plan over the time line of 2012 to 2017 and is divided into the following sections:Read More

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Water quality and wastewater management vision - A presentation - Central Pollution Control Board (2012-2017)	2.67 MB

Tags:

Content Type: Media
Media Type: Presentations
Category: Chloride, Coliforms, Fluoride, Groundwater Contamination, Nitrate, Irrigation, Arsenic, Drinking Water, Ecosystems, Environment, Groundwater, River Pollution, Rivers, Salinity, Sewage, Surface Water, Wastewater, Water Quality
Author: J S Kamyotra
Source: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Location / Time: India, 2010
Difficulty Level: Intermediate

Geospatial technology for groundwater management – An article in Geospatial World

Well This article by Sangeeta Deogawanka in the Geospatial World deals with the issues related to the use of geospatial technology for groundwater management in the country. Core agencies of the government dealing with the management and development of groundwater resources identify and map hotspots of salinity, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, iron and nitrate in groundwater. However, most online information is of a generic nature, lacking detailed database or methodology used. On the whole a picture evolves of national bodies looking into the groundwater policy and potential zoning on a hegemonic model, with regional state-level groundwater departments.

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Location

Lucknow, UP, India
Latitude: 26.846511, Longitude: 80.946683

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Chloride, Fluoride, Geospatial Technology, Groundwater Data, Groundwater Department, Groundwater Developemnt, Groundwater Management Technology, Groundwater Mapping, Groundwater Modeling, Groundwater Policy, Groundwater Resources, Groundwater Zoning, Nitrate, Satellite Imagery, Agriculture, Arsenic, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Groundwater, Groundwater Management, Iron, Salinity, Water Quality
Author: Sangeeta Deogawanka
Source: Geospatial World
Location / Time: 2011, Assam, Bihar, India, Kottukalthuda, Lucknow, Madaram, Patna, Purulia, Ranchi, Sanger, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Yamuna
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater Information System - Data on groundwater quality and level for all states of India from 2005-09 from the Central Groundwater Board

This data application developed by the Central Groundwater Board provides groundwater level and quality information for all states of India, for the years 2005-09.

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Tags:

Content Type: Data, Maps
Category: Bicarbonate, Calcium (Ca), Carbonate, Chloride, Electrical Conductivity, Fluoride, Groundwater Level, Groundwater Quality, Magnesium, Nitrate, pH (Acidity Basicity), Potassium, Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium (Na), Sulphate, Groundwater, Water Quality
Author: Central Groundwater Board (CGWB), Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR)
Source: Central Groundwater Board (CGWB)
Location / Time: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, India
Difficulty Level: Expert
Special Tags: Downloads

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The report presents a hydrochemical study of the groundwater of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh carried out during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Under the study, thirty-five water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the region were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the month of June and November 1996 respectively.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh by NIH (1996-97)	574.69 KB

Location

Sagar, MP, India
Latitude: 22.270000, Longitude: 79.430000

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Calcium, Chloride, Conductance, Groundwater Quality, Magnesium, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Sulphate, Climate, Contamination, Drinking Water, Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution, Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Waste Disposal, Water Quality
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1996, 1997, India, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

In this report, the suitability of groundwater of the Doon valley, Dehradun has been demonstrated on the basis of standards prescribed by BIS and WHO. The groundwater quality of the valley has been studied during 1996 to examine the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. Twelve water samples representing the shallow groundwater of the valley were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for various constituents, viz. pH, conductance, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.Read More

Attachment	Size
Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun by NIH (1996-97)	677.4 KB

Location

Dehradoon, UL, India
Latitude: 30.321434, Longitude: 78.031928

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Bacteriological Analysis, Calcium, Chloride, Conductance, Groundwater Quality, Hydrochemical Facies, Magnesium, Phosphate, Piper's Trilinear Classification, Potassium, Shallow Groundwater Aquifer, Sodium, Stiff's Classification, Sulphate, US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Irrigation, Aquifers, Climate, Contamination, Geology, Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution, Hardness, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Waste Disposal, Water Quality
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1996, 1997, Dehradoon, India, Uttaranchal
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study looks at chemical characteristics of groundwater in Jammu and Kathua on the basis of thirty water samples collected from open wells during July and December, 1997. The water quality has been evaluated for irrigation and drinking purposes. The suitability of water for drinking purposes has been compared with the standard norms i.e., BIS, 1983 and WHO, 1984.Read More

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Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts by NIH (1997-98)	1.09 MB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Chloride, Nitrate, Piper's Diagram, Public Health, Sulphate, US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Water Level, Irrigation, Aquifers, Drinking Water, Groundwater, Groundwater Pollution, pH, Salinity, Water Quality, Water Resources, Wells
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1997, 1998, India, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Kathua
Difficulty Level: Expert

Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu and Kashmir) – A research report by the National Institute of Hydrology

The study presents detailed investigations of the chemical quality of groundwater in Jammu and Kathua districts (J & K), carried out to evaluate the suitability of water for various uses. The quality of groundwater of the area has been studied based on the physico-chemical analysis of thirty seven water samples collected from open wells between June and December, 1996.

Various parameters like pH, conductance, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium have been determined for all the samples and compared with the standards to evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Irrigation water quality has been computed on the basis of Doneen’s Permeability Index and residual Sodium Carbonate. The higher values of some parameters at certain locations indicate the contamination in groundwater and make the water unsuitable for specific applications.Read More

Attachment	Size
Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (J&K) by NIH (1996-97)	1.35 MB

Location

Kathua, JK, India
Latitude: 32.367966, Longitude: 75.523478

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Alkalinity, Calcium, Chloride, Conductance, Doneen's Permeability Index, Groundwater Quality, Magnesium, Piper's Classification, Potassium, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Salinity Zone, Sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sulphate, US Salinity Laboratory Classification, Irrigation, Drinking Water, Fluoride, Groundwater, Hardness, Open wells, pH, Water Quality
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1996, 1997, India, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Kathua, Londi, Madun
Difficulty Level: Expert

Spatial variability of groundwater quality in Jammu district - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

The study applies geostatistical techniques to the groundwater quality data of December 1994 in parts of Jammu district. Groundwater quality deterioration has led to considerable interest in the design of investigative studies and monitoring programs on the issue.

Various management measures need to take into account the spatial and temporal behavior of groundwater. The spatial dependence between observations can be expressed by semi variance, which is a measure of the average similarity between observations at a given distance apart. One of the prime reasons for obtaining a semivariogram is to use it for estimation of the variable at unsampled locations.Read More

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Spatial variability of ground water quality in Jammu district by NIH (1998-99)	843.95 KB

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Calcium, Chloride, Conductance, Geostatistical Techniques, Groundwater Quality, Kriging Technique, Magnesium, Potassium, Variogram, Aquifers, Drinking Water, Groundwater, Groundwater Management, Hardness, pH, Water Quality
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1998, 1999, India, Jammu
Difficulty Level: Expert

Hydrochemical studies of Hindon river - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

A detailed survey of the river Hindon was carried out to understand the nature of waste effluents and their impact on water quality. As per the study, the river water is subject to varying degrees of pollution, caused by numerous untreated waste outfalls of municipal and industrial effluents.

The main sources, which create pollution in the river, include municipal wastes of Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Ghaziabad districts received through tributaries as well as direct outfalls. In the non-monsoon months, the river is completely dry, right from its origin upto Saharanpur town. The effluents of Nagdev nala and Star Paper Mill at Saharanpur generate the flow of water in the river.Read More

Attachment	Size
Hydrochemical studies of Hindon river by NIH (1998-99)	888.8 KB

Location

Ghaziabad, UP, India
Latitude: 28.661968, Longitude: 77.426482

Tags:

Content Type: Research
Category: Chloride, Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP), Escapes, Hydrochemical Studies, Industrial Effluents, Municipal Effluents, Pollution, Waste Effluents, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Rivers, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Wastewater, Water Quality
Author: National Institute of Hydrology
Source: National Institute of Hydrology
Location / Time: 1998, 1999, Ghaziabad, Hindon, India, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Difficulty Level: Expert

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Chloride

Water quality hot-spots in rivers of India – A report by Central Water Commission

Location

Water quality and wastewater management vision - A presentation - Central Pollution Control Board (2012 -2017)

Geospatial technology for groundwater management – An article in Geospatial World

Location

Groundwater Information System - Data on groundwater quality and level for all states of India from 2005-09 from the Central Groundwater Board

Groundwater quality monitoring and evaluation in Sagar district – A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality evaluation in Doon valley of Dehradun– A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater monitoring and evaluation in Jammu and Kathua districts - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Groundwater quality studies in Jammu and Kathua districts (Jammu and Kashmir) – A research report by the National Institute of Hydrology

Location

Spatial variability of groundwater quality in Jammu district - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Hydrochemical studies of Hindon river - A research report by National Institute of Hydrology

Location

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